All posts by Mike

Side Impact Safety: Volkswagen Atlas Safest SUV of 2018

The 2018 Volkswagen Atlas might be the safest SUV ever made (to date) if you want to survive getting t-boned.
The 2018 Volkswagen Atlas might be the safest SUV ever made (to date) if you want to survive getting t-boned.

Side impact safety is one of those elements of car safety that you have relatively little control over. Yes, you can avoid roads with the potential for high-speed t-bones, but aside from reducing the number of annual miles you put on your vehicle (the single most effective driving strategy you can master), the design of your vehicle is probably one of the best areas you can invest in for reducing your risk of this kind of crash. So what’s a good vehicle to be in if a side impact is imminent?

Last month, I wrote about how the 2018 Honda Odyssey had regained the title of the safest minivan to be in when it came to surviving a side impact. I’ve got plenty of articles here on previous rankings for SUVs, minivans, and cars of various sizes. Today we’re going to revisit rankings for 2017-2018 model year SUVs, and as a spoiler, a $30,000 7-seater–the Volkswagen Atlas–is at the top of the heap.

How structural integrity (crush distance) serves as a proxy for side impact resistance

This is the 2018 Atlas after being hit by a deformable barrier in the NHTSA's side impact crash test, but the general principles are the same.
This is the 2018 Atlas after being hit by a deformable barrier in the NHTSA’s side impact crash test, but the general principles are the same.

The IIHS’ side impact test resembles the NHTSA’s test, which is based on the NCAP test used around the world. Essentially, the IIHS rams a 3,300 barrier (it represents an SUV of equivalent height, size, and mass, such as a Honda CR-V) into the side of a vehicle at 31 mph, which delivers, per kinetic energy calculators, 143.7 kilojoules of energy. Every vehicle bends somewhat due to such an impact at the B-pillar (the pillar between the front and back doors), and an IIHS sub-score called the “structure and safety cage” tells us how much the B-pillar bent into the center of the driver’s seat at the peak of the collision. The less deformation as measured by increased distance between the driver’s seat center and the B-pillar, the better. It’s kind of like measuring how close you came to being hit in the head by your child swinging a tennis racket, except the racket is a vehicle being driven into your car. We’ll use this metric to rank the top SUVs on the market.

I researched the test scores of every SUV currently available in the US to curate this list, and it’s accurate as of November 2017, with images sourced from the CCD, Wikipedia, or the NHTSA. TheĀ 2017 list of safest SUVs and crossovers for side impact survival is here.

The Six Safest SUVs for Surviving Side Impact Collisions in 2018

32 cm – 2018 Volkswagen Atlas.

The newly released Volkswagen Atlas is an impressive engineering feat. Designed as a larger, more American-sized version of the Touareg (which has since been discontinued for the US market), the Atlas competes with a range of mid-priced family 3-row SUVs like the Honda Pilot, Toyota Highlander or Sequoia, Chevy Tahoe or Traverse, Ford Explorer, and Dodge Durango, but beats all of them along with a range of luxury 3-row SUVs like the Audi Q7 and Volvo XC90 with a never-before-seen 32 cm of side impact resistance. That’s more thanĀ a full foot of protection relative to the center of the driver’s seat.

Imagine someone driving a Honda CR-V or Ford Escape at you at your driver’s door at 31 mph and having it bounce away from you while leaving a foot of space between it and the center of your seat. That is nothing short of amazing. Volkswagen has done some very naughty things in recent years, but presuming these results are real, they’re setting the standard for everyone else to follow, and the Atlas is a fine mapmaker in that regard. No other car, minivan, SUV, or pickup truck exceeds it (so far).

My list of infant, convertible, and booster seats that will fit 3 across in the Atlas is available here.

27.5 cm – 2017-2018 Audi Q7.

Almost 6 cm behind the Atlas, but still ahead of every other vehicle beside it, comes a stablemate of the Atlas–the Audi Q7. Given that Audi is a subsidiary of VW the way Lexus belongs to Toyota, it’s a testament again to Volkswagen’s engineering to find both the number one and two spots occupied by their SUVs. The Q7 was the safest SUV for side impacts just one year ago when I last compiled this list. It’s likely going to remain on these lists for at least another decade; very few manufacturers are building cars this strong.

My list of infant, convertible, and booster seats that will fit 3 across in the Q7 is available here.

26 cm – 2016-2018 Volvo XC90.

The XC90, which was the leading SUV two short years ago in side impact protection, has fallen to third place, but remains one of the best vehicles to be in during an imminent side impact collision. It’s worth noting that Volvo has yet to address its “acceptable” torso sub-score; that said, the overall strong performance of the XC90 makes up for this shortcoming. The XC90 in its second generation represents a huge step forward from the 9.5 cm of protection offered in the original XC90. That said, it’s important to remember that 9.5 cm was still enough to place the original XC90 and a number of other vehicles mentioned at the end of the article on various IIHS zero driver death rate lists.

My list of infant, convertible, and booster seats that will fit 3 across in the XC90 is available here.

26 cm – 2018 Volvo XC60.

The original XC60 was one of the best SUVs for surviving side impact crashes since its 2010 inception, rounding out the top 6 a full 5 years later in 2015 with its 22 cm of side intrusion protection. Even in 2017, when I last made this list, it rounded up the top 7 SUVs, a full 7 years after its release. That’s good design. The second generation has taken several cm steps forward and is tied for third place with its larger stablemate, the XC90. It is likely to continue to make the top 10 list for another several years into the future.

My list of infant, convertible, and booster seats that will fit 3 across in the XC60 is available here.

25 cm – 2018 Volkswagen Tiguan.

The second generation TiguanĀ  represents the 3rd and final VW/ Audi superstar on the list. With 25 cm of intrusion protection, it’s another strong showing from the biggest automaker on the planet. It’s worth noting that the Tiguan, having grown significantly in size, is no longer classified by the IIHS as a small SUV, but as a mid-sized SUV.

My list of infant, convertible, and booster seats that will fit 3 across in the Tiguan is available here.

25 cm – 2014-2018 BMW X5.

Rounding up the list and tied with the new Tiguan is the third generation F15 BMW X5. The oldest vehicle on the list, it’s yet another example of the durability of good engineering, at least when it comes to side impact safety. As the X5 is nearing the end of its generation, we’ll have to see if the next gen exceeds it in side impact protection and secures a higher position on next year’s list.

My list of infant, convertible, and booster seats that will fit 3 across in the X5 is available here.

What if I can’t afford (or don’t want to buy) any of these SUVs?

If all of these SUVs are either out of budget or not your cup of tea, never fear. There are a great many others that offered excellent performance but fell just behind the cutoff level I established at 25 cm. For example, the 2016-2018 Mercedes-Benz GLC and the 2011-2015 Mercedes-Benz GLK (which MB would rename a year later as the GLC) are both right on the heels of the X5 and Tiguan at 24 cm. The 2016-2018 Lexus RX is right there with them at 24 cm. Just behind them we find the 2009-2017 Audi Q5, which had 23 cm of protection in an era when most vehicles didn’t offer more than 12 cm.

More broadly, remember that what you’re driving isn’t what primarily determines your family’s safety–not even in side impact collisions. What primarily impacts your safety and that of your loved ones is the degree to which you remember to choose safe speeds, follow best practices with car seats,Ā  and choose safe roads. If you do so, you’ll have much better odds of avoiding and surviving side, frontal, or rear crashes than anyone driving any of the vehicles above, even if you’re in something with only a few cm of side impact protection. Remember that the 2008 Toyota Sienna, the first minivan to appear on an IIHS zero death list 10 model years ago (Status Report Vol. 46, No. 5), had a whopping 8.5-9.5 cm of side intrusion protection. The 2007 Ford Edge, the first family mid-sized SUV to make the zero list, had 9 cm of side impact protection. And the aforementioned original XC90 also came in at 9.5 cm of side impact protection, which, as noted earlier, also landed it on a zero list (Status Report Vol. 50, No. 1).

It’s not the vehicle that makes the difference; it’s how and where you drive it.

If you find my information on best practices in car and car seat safety helpful, you can buy my books here or do your shopping through this Amazon link. Canadians can shop here for Canadian purchases. Have a question or want to discuss best practices? Send me an email at carcrashdetective [at] gmail [dot] com.

After a Crash or Accident, Do You Need to Replace Your Car Seat, or Is it Still Safe to Use?

No one wants to be involved in a crash. But sometimes they happen. Here's what you need to know about your car seats afterward.
No one wants to be involved in a crash. But sometimes they happen. Here’s what you need to know about your car seats afterward.

No matter how closely we follow best practices for safe driving, eventually, we or someone we know might be involved in a car crash.Ā  With luck, it won’t be anything more than a fender bender, but it could also be something severe. No matter the situation, you might need to replace your child’s car safety restraints (i.e., your car seats). There are a number of seats that follow the criteria set by the NHTSA for reusing car seats after minor crashes (I’ll review those in a moment), but most car seat manufacturers will ask you to replace your car seats after any crash, no matter how minor, even if no children were using the seats.

The number one rule to keep in mind is that the manual (or car seat manufacturer) is the absolute authority in determining whether or not to replace a car seat after a crash. If you can’t find the manual, send an email or make a phone call to the manufacturer. The number will almost always be on the seat itself, and if it’s not, you can find it online (as well as email information). Let’s take a look at what to do immediately after a crash, whether you’ll need to replace your car seat, whether your insurance company will cover your seats, and the policies and contact information for a variety of car seat manufacturers with a US and Canadian presence.

What to do right after a crash when you have children in car seats

After a crash, you're probably going to need to replace your car seat. For a minor crash, a visibly undamaged car seat may well be safer than a seat belt if you have no other alternative.
After a crash, you’re probably going to need to replace your car seat. For a minor crash, a visibly undamaged car seat may well be safer than a seat belt if you have no other alternative.

Immediately after a crash, the first thing to do is to call for help (911 in the United States and Canada). Barring an absolute emergency (e.g., a risk of fire, water immersion, falling over a cliff, etc), you’ll want to remain in your vehicle and keep all children in their car seats. Child restraints are designed to stabilize injured children, and paramedics will almost always use them to transport children to hospitals after serious crashes.

Many parents and caregivers often ask themselves if they can use potentially damaged seats to drive away from crashes (e.g., home) in crashes that don’t require that children be transported to a hospital. The best answer here is to do what seems best at the time. If you can immediately buy replacement car seats or have someone bring replacement seats to you, this is best. However, we rarely crash in the parking lots of stores that sell car seats, and we rarely have trusted friends or family available to bring us car seats within minutes of a crash. As a result, you’ll want to use your best judgment.

If your car restraint needs to be replaced after a crash, per the manufacturer, no matter how minor the crash, this suggests you shouldn’t use it. However, between using a seat that a manufacturer tells me not to reuse after a minor crash and driving my pre-adolescent child home in a seat belt, I’ll use the car seat every single time. Children younger than 10-12 won’t pass the 5-step test for seat belt safety, and that’s not a risk I’d recommend parents take unless absolutely necessary (e.g., no car seats whatsoever or severely damaged car seats).

How to tell if you need to replace your kids’ car seats after a crash – minor, moderate, or severe

For a moderate or major crash, you’re going to need to replace your seats, even if you didn’t have children inside them at the time. Car seats, like bicycle helmets, aren’t made to handle more than one significant impact; they won’t necessarily perform the same way twice.

For a minor crash, most manufacturers will still want you to replace the seat. However, there are a few manufacturers that allow you to follow the NHTSA’s guidelines for reuse following mild crashes. These are the criteria:

  1. You were able to drive your vehicle away from the crash site.
  2. The vehicle door closest to the car seat had no damage.
  3. None of the vehicle’s occupants were injured.
  4. If you had airbags (and hopefully you did), they did not deploy, AND…
  5. The car seat itself was not visibly damaged.

All of these criteria need to be fulfilled for the crash to count as minor. If you’re not sure if what occurred was even serious enough to count as a crash (e.g., if you backed into a car while parallel parking or if you nosed into your garage), the best thing to do is to get in touch with your car seat’s manufacturer; they have experience with such calls and emails and will be happy to help you figure out whether what you experienced even counted as a crash or whether it was so minor it was irrelevant to your car seat’s safety.

When will my car insurance provider replace car seats that have been involved in a crash?

The only sure answer here is “it depends.” To fully know, you’ll need to contact your insurance company. Your odds of replacement will be significantly greater if the other party is judged to be at fault or if you have complete coverage. However, there are plenty of no-fault states and each company is different. In California, the insurance code requires insurance companies to replace car seats if they were occupied or damaged in a collision, but this provision doesn’t exist in other states.

Insurance companies will frequently try to avoid replacing seats based on their interpretations of crash severity, but the car seat manufacturer’s regulations override those of any insurance company, and if the company states it will replace a seat if they judge it to be necessary for safety, a referral to the manual or a statement from the manufacturer will frequently be enough to convince them of its necessity. Similarly, you’ll want to make sure any reimbursement offers are at least equal to the value of the seats; if you spend money on a Clek Fllo or Peg Perego Flex 120, you don’t want to receive a $50 all-in-one seat from WalMart as its replacement. While both may pass the same crash tests, there’s presumably a reason you picked the seats you did to begin with (e.g., to allow for extended rear-facing or boosters that would allow your kids to pass the 5-step test).

Keep in mind that if your insurance company chooses not to replace your seats, that doesn’t mean that they don’t need replacing; if your car seat manual or manufacturer indicates the seat needs to be replaced, it needs to be replaced. Your kids are worth it.

What are the car seat replacement policies for each car seat manufacturer in the US / Canada?

As noted above, the absolute best way to find out your car seat’s replacement policy is to read the manual or contact the car seat manufacturer. The list below is a general one, and as everything else on this site, is not intended as legal counsel. If you have any questions whatsoever on what to do with a car seat after a crash, it’s time to reach for the manual or for the manufacturer; they made the seat and they know their policies on replacement better than anyone else.

Generally speaking, Britax and UPPAbaby are the only major car seat manufacturers that follow the minor crash criteria of the NHTSA while urging replacement after moderate to severe crashes. Every other manufacturer either recommends replacement after any crash, no matter how minor, or requires manual review and manufacturer contact. In other words, for BabyTrend, BubbleBum, Chicco, Clek, Combi, Cosco, Dorel, Maxi-Cosi, Safety 1st (both Maxi-Cosi and Safety 1st are divisions of Dorel), Cybex, Diono, EvenFlo, Graco, Harmony, KidsEmbrace, Orbit Baby, Peg Perego, Recaro, RideSafer, and The First Years all require you to either replace the seats, read the manuals, or contact the manufacturers.

To sum things up, in the vast majority of cases, you’re going to need to check with the manufacturers or replace seats anyway. While this may seem onerous and expensive, the goals here are to keep your children safe, and a few hundred dollars in car seats are much cheaper than any hospital stay, or worse. Remember that your insurance company might be able to help you replace your car seats, depending on your policy and the circumstances of the crash. And above all, if you’re in the market for a new car seat, please see my reviews on recommended car seats (or Canadian recommended car seats if in Canada) for suggestions on the best new and old car seats for children between birth and 12. See here for best practices in child car seat use and here for best practices in overall auto safety, whether in driving technique, vehicle selection, or road design.

If you find my information on best practices in car and car seat safety helpful, you can buy my books here or do your shopping through this Amazon link. Canadians can shop here for Canadian purchases. Have a question or want to discuss best practices? Send me an email at carcrashdetective [at] gmail [dot] com.

What are the safety differences, if any, between Swedish car seats and American ones? (With a Britax Max-Way Review)

This is an example of a typical Swedish convertible car seat, the Britax Max-Wise. One of the closest US equivalents is probably the Clek Fllo. We'll discuss similarities and differences below.
This is an example of a typical Swedish convertible car seat, the Britax Max-Way. One of the closest US equivalents is probably the Clek Fllo. We’ll discuss similarities and differences below.

Several years ago, I started this blog to spread the news about the dangers of auto travel and the various ways we could keep our kids and loved ones safe. On one hand, that involves how, where, and what we drive. On the other, it involves how we safely restrain kids in our cars–and I’ve spent a lot of time talking about how the Swedes are the closest adherents to best practices in car seat safety on the planet.

One of the most frequently asked questions I get from parents who’ve come across my articles about how Swedish parents use car seats and what Swedes consider best practices in car seat safety involves the actual seats Swedes use and how they compare to the car seats we have available in the United States. Today we’re going to take a look at which safety differences, if any, exist between car seats sold in Sweden and those available in the United States. The answers will likely surprise you.

What’s a typical Swedish car seat (e.g., a convertible seat), and where is it sold?

The Britax Max-Way can be used to rear-face (and only rear-face) from 20-55 lbs. Think of it as a convertible seat that only rear-faces...because Britax knows that's what really matters.
The Britax Max-Way can be used to rear-face (and only rear-face) from 20-55 lbs. Think of it as a convertible seat that only rear-faces…because Britax knows that’s what really matters.

While there are many examples of Swedish car seats, one of the most popular models sold there today is the Britax Max-Way. Sold throughout Europe, including in the UK, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden, it’s a car seat designed for use with children between 9 kg and 25 kg, or 20lbs-55lbs. Under the Group classification system, this makes it a Group 1 & 2, or 1/2 seat. Roughly speaking, it will fit kids between 9 months and 6 years of age. Although it looks like a convertible seat, it only rear-faces. Like many US seats, it’s designed to be smaller to offer more leg room, it can be installed with 3-point seat belts or 2-point lap belts in addition to ISOFIX (LATCH), it includes side wings for side impact protection, a multi-position recline, an adjustable headrest, and a no-rethread harness. Like most American seats, you can remove the padding to wash it or simplyĀ  clean it with a handheld vacuum.

The installation manual is here.

Which safety features does the Max-Way have that an American car seat would not?

The Max-Way does include a pair of features not typically found in seats sold in the US--a foot prop and a pair of lower rear-facing tethers.
The Max-Way does include a pair of features not typically found in seats sold in the US–a foot prop and a pair of lower rear-facing tethers.

First of all, the Max-Way can rear-face longer than any American seat available as of 2017. The leading US seats–the Clek Fllo, the Clek Foonf, the Diono Rainier, the Graco Extend2Fit, the Graco Extend2Fit 3-in-1, the Graco 4Ever Extend2Fit, the Nuna Rava, the Safety 1st Advance EX 65 Air+, and the Safety 1st Grow and Go EX Air–all top out at 50 pounds. At 55 pounds, the Max-Way, which has been out for years, blows all of them away.

Second, the Max-Way includes a foot prop and a pair of lower rear-facing tethers to stabilize the seat beyond the seat belt. The foot prop is basically a monopod that extends toward the front of the vehicle and braces against the vehicle floor while being additionally stabilized with tethers. The foot prop is designed to reduce downward (forward) rotation of the car seat after a frontal collision. The separate rear-facing tethers connect to anchors toward the front of the vehicle to prevent rebound (upward rotation) in the car seat after a frontal collision.

In the US, rear-facing tethering is available on select US seats, but it’s very, very rare. Anti-rebound bars, which serve the same function as foot props, are somewhat more common. It’s important to note, however, that while the Max-Way includes both features, there are a number of seats sold in Sweden that don’t feature or require neither foot props nor rear tethers while passing the same crash standards and being rated to the same weight limits. In other words, they’re beneficial features, but car seats can be safe without them.

Do the differences between a seat like the Max-Way and an American seat explain the greater safety of Swedish children?

To keep your babies safe in cars, drive them as little as possible, follow the speed limit wherever you go, and rear-face as long as possible. That's the lion's share of the Swedish approach.
To keep your babies safe in cars, drive them as little as possible, follow the speed limit wherever you go, and rear-face as long as possible. That’s the lion’s share of the Swedish approach.

Actually, no. The Swedes themselves are quite clear on this; they credit their low child death rates to a combination of Vision Zero principles–safer driving habits, safer vehicles, and much, much safer infrastructure. Safer driving habits generally means following the speed limit and driving as little as possible (roughly half as many miles as Americans per year). Safer vehicles simply means vehicles with ESC and side airbags (which are available in the US used market for well under $5,000). And safer infrastructure means replacing undivided roads with divided ones while limiting speeds to survivable limits throughout the road network.

The car seats themselves aren’t particularly significant; what’s significant with respect to children are the use of best practices in transporting them. In a nutshell, that means rear-facing them until at least 4 or 5 and keeping them boostered until 10 to 12. Between those two factors, the bigger one by far is rear-facing.

But I’ve always heard that Swedish seats are tougher / unique / just “better” / not comparable to US seats

There are many magical things about Sweden. Their car seats aren't one of them.
There are many magical things about Sweden. Their car seats aren’t one of them.

There are a lot of people who, for some reason, enjoy cultivating an aura of mysticism about Swedish car seat usage, particularly in the United States. I’m not sure why, as the goal should be to share knowledge to help make all children safer, not to make it seem like best practices are magical, unattainable things. Whatever the reasoning behind this line of thinking, it’s also incorrect from a factual perspective. Swedish car seats aren’t magically different from car seats available in most other parts of the world with the notable exception of how they can be used to rear-face longer. They aren’t exclusively available in Sweden; they can be bought throughout Europe. In fact, most car seats used in Sweden aren’t even made in Sweden. The Max-Way, for example, is made in the UK. Whenever you hear someone tell you or anyone else that Swedish seats simply aren’t comparable to US ones, that person is uninformed and spreading unhelpful misinformation, to put it mildly. Feel free to redirect them here.

What’s an American equivalent of a Swedish convertible car seat like the Britax Max-Way?

You don't need a Max-Way--or any Swedish car seat--to keep your kids safe. A Fllo is a perfectly safe alternative.
You don’t need a Max-Way–or any Swedish car seat–to keep your kids safe. A Fllo is a perfectly safe alternative.

While there isn’t a direct American version of any given Swedish car seat, you can get the core safety feature of the Max-Way–the ability to extended rear-face in a compact, convertible car-seat-shaped package–through any seat in the US that will let you rear-face to 50 pounds. That’s not as long as the Max-Way, but it’s long enough to get almost all children to 4 and a great many to 5 and beyond depending on height. Personally, my two favorite 50-pound rear-facing convertibles are the Clek Fllo and the Graco Extend2Fit. The Fllo is the narrowest 50-pounder on the market, and is the seat to get if you need as many 3 across car seat options as possible. It also includes an anti-rebound bar, which very few US car seats do. As noted above, an anti-rebound bar serves the same function as a foot prop.

The Extend2Fit, on the other hand, is one of the cheapest 50-pound seats you can currently buy. Using either to its limits will give you most of the safety benefits of the Max-Way, which, again, are primarily related to the extent to which it allows you to rear-face.

If you find my information on best practices in car and car seat safety helpful, you can buy my books here or do your shopping through this Amazon link. Canadians can shop here for Canadian purchases. Have a question or want to discuss best practices? Send me an email at carcrashdetective [at] gmail [dot] com.

IIHS and NHTSA Comparison, Flaws, and the Passenger Small Overlap Crash Test

Both the IIHS and NHTSA leave elements on the table when it comes to overall auto safety.
Both the IIHS and NHTSA leave elements on the table when it comes to overall auto safety.

The IIHS is always looking for ways to make cars safer for insurance companies. This has good and bad ramifications for us; on one hand, because their standards are almost always more rigorous than those of the NHTSA (which should not be the case, given that the IIHS is privately funded while the NHTSA is a governmental organization), we end up with cars that pass more stringent crash tests and receive safer technologies sooner than we otherwise would have. A strong example of this is side airbag market penetration; virtually every new vehicle sold today in the United States for passenger use features side airbags with head and torso protection in the front row and head protection in rear rows.

The NHTSA has repeatedly left a number of regulatory changes to the “market”, and little has been done in those areas as a result

This technology–side airbags with head and torso coverage–is incredibly important and saves lives every day; I recommend it along with ESC as the baseline requirements for a safe vehicle for families, teenagers, or single individuals. Yet side airbagsĀ still are not required in vehicles by the NHTSA. If not for the IIHS, most vehicles probably still wouldn’t have them. But this is only one of many oversights by the NHTSA (e.g., their lack of standards regarding seat collapse, their general lack of efforts to promote extended rear-facing, their lack of meaningful advocacy for lower BAC levels, theirĀ tacit acceptance of high speed limits as an American tradition…). And that’s not today’s topic. As I was saying, the IIHS does lots of good things. But they also have their own errors and blind spots, and some of them are huge.

The IIHS encourages a number of bad policies in auto manufacturing and ignores a large swath of overall auto safety

The IIHS encourages larger, heavier vehicles, losing sight of the big picture that such vehicles make the roads less safe for everyone in the end.
The IIHS encourages larger, heavier vehicles, losing sight of the big picture that such vehicles make the roads less safe for everyone in the end.

They encourage a perpetual arms race toward ever-larger vehicles, consistently ignoring the fact that placing teenagers behind the wheel of heavy vehicles makes the roads more dangerous for everyone beside such teenagers. They also deliberately ignore the greater crime of encouraging heavy vehicles in a world filled with children, pedestrians, and motorcyclists, all of whom have no defenses whatsoever against ever-larger vehicles and are more likely to be killed by them. They also pay virtually no attention to safety developments overseas, particularly Vision Zero and Safe System research and practice, which have led to dramatic decreases in car-related deaths throughout Europe while the US’ numbers stagnate and periodically rise and fall with the economy. They focus nearly exclusively on one third of the auto safety triangle–what we drive, but notĀ how we drive orĀ where we drive; two factors that make far more of a difference than the vehicles themselves.

What’s the newest IIHS small overlap crash test about?

As a result,Ā  while I generally support the IIHS’ efforts, I do so cautiously. They’ve recently come out with another crash test. It’s the passenger-side version of their small overlap test. The reasoning behind it came from a spot check they did some years back that I wrote about here where they found most manufacturers were only reinforcing the driver side of their vehicles for the small overlap test–teaching to the test, as it were–and neglecting the passenger side. Was this actually translating into fatalities? Probably. The IIHS hinted they’d start testing this in the future, and a few years later, they’ve rolled out the test. Is it a good thing?

I think so. While the number of lives saved by a fleet full of vehicles with good passenger-side small overlap crash scores vs poor ones might pale as a proportion of the 35,000 people we lose annually on our bloodbath highways, every life is valuable, and if it costs manufacturers a minor amount of money to design symmetrically safe vehicles, it’s worth doing. So now that they’ve rolled out the new test, are there any vehicles who did particularly well or particularly poorly on it?

Yes!

Which cars, SUVs, and minivans are doing well and poorly on the new passenger-side IIHS small overlap crash test?

The Camry is one of the safest family cars you can buy today--it has good scores in every single area tested by the IIHS.
The Camry is one of the safest family cars you can buy today–it has good scores in every single area tested by the IIHS.

The Good: So far, a range of 2017 and 2018 mid-sized sedans have received good ratings in the passenger small overlap crash test, including the Ford Fusion, Honda Accord, Subaru Legacy, Subaru Outback, Hyundai Sonata, Mazda 6, Nissan Altima, Nissan Maxima, and Toyota Camry.

Among SUVs, the 2016-2017 Hyundai Tucscon received a good rating; it’s the only tested SUV to have received such a score so far.

The CR-V is by far the most popular small SUV in the United States. It does well or acceptably in all tests, including the passenger small overlap.
The CR-V is by far the most popular small SUV in the United States. It does well or acceptably in all tests, including the passenger small overlap.

The Acceptable: The 2017 Volkswagen Jetta received an overall acceptable score due to an acceptable structural sub-score and a marginal sub-score for passenger restraints and kinematics. To put it plainly, the car’s frame bent a bit more than the IIHS would have liked and the passenger dummy moved far more than they’d have liked to have seen.

Among SUVs, the 2015-2017 Buick Encore, Honda CR-V, and Mazda CX-5 received acceptable scores.

While the Passat is still one of the safest cars around, it only received a marginal score in the passenger small overlap test.
While the Passat is still one of the safest cars around, it only received a marginal score in the passenger small overlap test.

The Marginal: The 2017 Volkswagen Passat received an overall marginal score due to only acceptable sub-scores in both structure and passenger head and neck areas and a marginal passenger restraints and kinematics score. The acceptable head and neck score suggests injuries would have been possible to the head and neck (i.e., the most important parts of the body) of a passenger in a 40 mph small overlap crash with a Passat-sized vehicle or fixed barrier (e.g., a wall). The reason the score wasn’t simply acceptable like that of the Jetta was because there were multiple acceptable sub-scores instead of just one paired with the marginal sub-score.

The 2018 Chevrolet Malibu also received a marginal score overall due to the same flaws as the Passat as well as an acceptable sub-score for passenger injury in the lower leg and foot areas.

The 2014-2018 Subaru Forester also received a marginal overall score due to a poor structure and safety cage sub-score and an acceptable sub-score for passenger injury in the lower leg and foot. While every other sub-score was good, the presence of a poor score meant the overall score could not be any higher than marginal.

Toyota dropped the ball with the RAV4. It's still a safe vehicle overall, but it scored poorly in the passenger small overlap test.
Toyota dropped the ball with the RAV4. It’s still a safe vehicle overall, but it scored poorly in the passenger small overlap test.

The Poor: The 2015-2018 Toyota RAV4 earned the dubious distinction of being the only vehicle so far to have received a poor overall rating. It’s particularly bad since the IIHS originally tested the RAV4 back in 2016 and foreshadowed making the test an official part of their regimen, and Toyota chose not to modify the RAV4. This has happened before, such as with the original small overlap test; when the Camry received a poor score, Toyota was forced to modify it within the model year after Consumer Reports pulled its recommendation of the vehicle. Toyota needs to stop getting caught flat-footed in this area; they have the budget to make safe cars, and do so year after year with a range of models. Today the Camry is one of the best-scoring vehicles tested by the IIHS, including in both halves of the small overlap test.

If you find my information on best practices in car and car seat safety helpful, you can buy my books here or do your shopping through this Amazon link. Canadians can shop here for Canadian purchases. Have a question or want to discuss best practices? Send me an email at carcrashdetective [at] gmail [dot] com.

Nuna RAVA Review, Clek Fllo, Foonf Comparison: Newborn, Hospital-Ready

The Rava is one of the best car seats you can buy for extended rear-facing today in the US.
The Rava is one of the best car seats you can buy for extended rear-facing today in the US.

If you’re interested in extended rear-facing in the United States or Canada, things have never been better. Even though the majority of parents here are still forward-facing once their kids turn 1, there’s a growing minority out there continuing to rear-face past 1, 2, and 3 until 4 or beyond. We’re learning from our fellow parents in Sweden and Norway, and it’s wonderful. But none of this would have been possible if we hadn’t spread the word about the benefits of ERF and forced car seat manufacturers to listen. Well, we’ve spread the word, and they’ve started listening to all we know about best practices for car seat safety.

In the United States today, the best rear-facing seats will let you do so for up to 50 pounds, but not all of the seats target the same parents. These are your options: the Clek Fllo, the Clek Foonf, the Diono Rainier, the Graco Extend2Fit, the Graco Extend2Fit 3-in-1, the Graco 4Ever Extend2Fit, the Nuna Rava, the Safety 1st Advance EX 65 Air+, and the Safety 1st Grow and Go EX Air. Today we’re going to look at the Nuna Rava. Its closest 50-pound equivalents are the Clek Fllo and Clek Foonf–high-end rear-and forward-facing convertible seats. Like these seats, the Rava costs north of $400. Is it worth it? I think so. Let’s take a closer look at it together.

2018 Nuna Rava – What’s the big deal? (And Fllo, Foonf, Grow and Go, and Extend2Fit comparisons)

The Rava competes (and does so well) with several 50-pound seats on the market.
The Rava competes (and does so well) with several 50-pound seats on the market.

The Nuna Rava is a 2-in-1 car seat and Nuna’s answer to the Clek Fllo and Clek Foonf. While there are ever-more 50-pound-class seats on the market, Nuna felt they could slip into a niche held exclusively by Clek for a more expensive seat that was easier to use, more luxurious, and potentially safer with some additional built-in-security features. Besides being able to rear-face until 50 pounds and forward-face until 65 pounds like most of its fellow 50-pound convertibles, the Rava includes an infant insert, allowing it to be used from the moment your baby leaves the hospital (unlike the Fllo and Foonf, which require separately-purchased infant inserts). It also includes a seat belt lockoff (called the True Tension belt path) that Nuna explicitly recommends over LATCH for installing the Rava.

Like the Extend2Fit seats, it includes a leg extension for increased rear-facing leg comfort. Two cup holders are present, as in the Graco-and Safety 1st-based seats, but unlike in those seats, the cup holders are retractable to narrow the width of the Rava for 3 across installations. Like most of its fellow 50-pound seats, it includes a no-rethread harness you can adjust with one hand. And finally, it includes a wide range of recline options, with 10 settings ranging from a nearly upright or vertical angle for older rear-facing children to an effectively 45-degree angle for newborns. On the more upright end, this helps the seat take up much less front-to-back space for shorter cars and SUVs.

You can use the Rava with your baby from the day s/he's born.
You can use the Rava with your baby from the day s/he’s born.

As it is a convertible car seat, you can start using it the day you take your baby home from the hospital or birthing center as a rear-facing infant seat. Even though the vast majority of parents use infant seats for newborns, convertible car seats are just as safe for leaving the hospital as long as they fit your baby via lower weight limit, recline angle, harness tightness, and head support. Once your child reaches the weight or height limits rear-facing (which won’t be until well past 5 per boy and girl growth charts), you can either turn it around and forward-face (which is safe from 4 or 5 onward) or start high-back boostering (which is done from 4 or 5 onward in Sweden).

To put it simply, this car seat can take care of the first 5 years of your child’s life, and potentially longer if you truly use it to its limits. On top of this, with its 10 year lifespan, you can potentially reduce its effective cost by using it with multiple children, or at least use it to take full advantage of the 50 pound rear-facing and 65 pound forward-facing weight limits. Once you’re done using it, your child will be ready for a quality high-back booster like the Peg Perego Flex 120, Maxi-Cosi RodiFix or Clek Oobr.

Nuna Rava Limits for Weight and Height

The Rava is available in a range of cool (temperature-wise, although we think they're neat too) colors.
The Rava is available in a range of cool (temperature-wise, although we think they’re neat too) colors.

Rear-facing:Ā 5 to 50 pounds. Best practices urges rear-facing until your child can’t fit his or her child seat by weight and height, which in this case means rear-facing until 50 pounds or 49 inches if possible, since there is no safer way to travel in a car than by rear-facing. The seat is considered outgrown rear-facing when either the weight or height limits are reached, or when the top of your child’s head peeks past the head rest when fully extended. The shell height is a generous 25 inches. Per growth charts from the Center for Disease Control (which are identical for girls and boys), a 50th percentile child won’t reach 50 pounds until age 7 and 49″ until 7 years and 5 months.

The fact that you can rear-face longer by weight than by height makes the Rava a rarity among convertibles. The only other 50-pound seats that let you do so are the Safety 1st Advance EX 65 Air+, theĀ Graco 4Ever Extend2Fit, the Graco Extend2Fit. The important thing to remember is that you’ll be able to rear-face the vast majority of preschoolers (who should ideally rear-face) and kindergartners (who can rear-face, forward-face, or booster) without changing seats.

Although most parents buy the Rava to extended rear-face, you can also forward-face with it.
Although most parents buy the Rava to extended rear-face, you can also forward-face with it.

Forward-facing:Ā 25 to 65 pounds. The height limit is identical to that when rear-facing at 49 inches. The Rava’s manual suggests rear-facing until 2 years old, which is better than suggesting doing so until 1, but still far behind best practices as practiced in Sweden, where children rear-face until at least 4 or 5.

The height limit, as noted above, is one a 50th percentile child will reach at 7 years and 5 months. The weight limit would independently fit a 50th percentile child until 10, but the height limit overrules it. Despite this, the rear-facing and forward-facing combinations suggest you could rear-face a typical child until 7 and then forward face for another 6 months before needing a high-back booster seat like the Peg Perego Flex 120, Maxi-Cosi RodiFix or Clek Oobr to get you completely through the booster years.

In practice, you can move directly from rear-facing into boostering, as is done in Sweden, as the vast majority of children will be sitting appropriately in high-back booster seats by age 7 (with some capable of doing so at 6 or even 5). However, it’s perfectly fine to continue forward-facing until its limits are exceeded.

Dimensions and Key Features of the Nuna Rava

The Rava isn't the narrowest 50-pound seat on the market for 3-across installations (you'll want the Fllo or Foonf for that).
The Rava isn’t the narrowest 50-pound seat on the market for 3-across installations (you’ll want the Fllo or Foonf for that).

The Nuna Rava is 17 inches wide at the hips and 19 inches wide at its widest point at the shoulders. This makes it a 3-across-friendly convertible for small cars, although it’s not quite as 3-across compatible as the Clek Fllo or Foonf, both of which are 17 inches wide at the base and at the shoulders.

The lowest harness position with the infant insert is 7 inches, while the highest tops out at 17 inches. The shell height, as noted above, is 25 inches, giving a good amount of room to grow into the seat by height. The seat pan is 13 inches deep without the extended calf support and 16 inches when the support is extended. There are 3 crotch buckle positions at 3 inches with the infant insert, 4.5 inches without it, and a 3rd extended position for older children at 6 inches. The seat weighs 27.2 pounds when installed with the infant insert.

Using the Nuna Rava (Rear-facing installation, forward-facing installation, child fit, and additional tips and troubleshooting)

Installing the Rava is straightforward whether rear-facing or forward-facing; you can use seat belts in either orientation and use LATCH lower anchors until your child weighs 35 pounds rear-facing or 40 pounds forward-facing.

I generally recommend installing car seats with seat belts instead of LATCH; it’s just as safe and takes up less space for 3 across installations. Another advantage of using the seat belts and lockoff system in the Rava, which is particularly relevant here, is that you won’t need to remember to switch to seat belts eventually anyway when your child weighs 35 or 40 pounds.

I’m not generally a fan of cup holders in car seats, as our culture’s habits of constant snacking have strong ties to childhood and adult obesity. However, many parents find them essential, and there are two included with the Rava; they are retractable and can also be removed for parents who don’t like or use them. There are other 50-pound seats with single or dual cup holders, but the Rava is the only one so far to make them both foldable and retractable. Kudos, Nuna!

The Rava has a 10 year lifespan and expires 10 years after the date of manufacture, which is included beneath the seat, along with its FAA approval sticker for use on airplanes. There are a number of additional stickers carrying a range of information, but they are tastefully located either beneath covers or close to belt paths to make them less distracting and visually unappealing. It adds up to make a rather attractive seat that’s available in 5 colors: slate, caviar, indigo, berry, and blackberry.

Why Buy the Nuna Rava?

It's not a cheap seat, but it's cheaper than a trip to the hospital.
It’s not a cheap seat, but it’s cheaper than a trip to the hospital in a country without universal healthcare.

The Nuna Rava is one of a handful of car seats you can use to rear-face until your children are past preschool, kindergarten, and well into elementary school. Parents can us the Rava to rear-face to 4, 5, 6, or even longer thanks to a 50-pound rear-facing weight limit and a class-typing 49 inch height limit; no other seat in the US comes with higher weight or height limits for rear-facing. This is huge.

It’s very hard to find flaws with the seat compared to the other 50 pounders it competes with. It’s not the cheapest 50 pounder, but seats like the Graco Extend2Fit exist to fit that niche. It doesn’t include a booster mode, but the Diono Rainier does, and you can also buy the Peg Perego Flex 120, Maxi-Cosi RodiFix or Clek Oobr to have a dedicated high-back booster that will do better than that found in any combination or 3-in-1 seat. It’s not 17 inches wide throughout its shell, but the Clek Fllo is. It does offer a great blend of safety, comfort, and ease of use for parents that make it well worth considering if you’re cross-shopping it with the Fllo or Foonf. In the end, the most important features of this seat will be based on the extent to which you take advantage of its weight and height limits. Use them as much as you can.

You canĀ buy the Nuna Rava here on MBeans or buy it here if it’s cheaper on PishPoshBaby. You can also buy the Clek Fllo here and buy the Clek Foonf here.

If you find my information on best practices in car and car seat safety helpful, you can buy my books here or do your shopping through this Amazon link. Canadians can shop here for Canadian purchases. Have a question or want to discuss best practices? Send me an email at carcrashdetective [at] gmail [dot] com.